Different types of fungus, like gray mold, rust, downy mildew, or powdery mildew, might grow on your plants. We are so glad you are pleased and we hope you enjoy it for years to come! Next, fill up the rest of the hole and make a ring to hold water. To fertilize your plants, use a nutrient-rich fertilizer! Here are some notes regarding pruning your doublefile viburnum: Viburnum likes to live in a moderate climate, and it does not grow well in areas with intense heat. As with so many other ornamental shrubs it does not like constantly soggy or wet soil, which can cause problems with the roots. Zone 6a has a low temperature of -10 to -5 Fahrenheit and -20.6 to -23.3 Celsius, spanning all the way across the US; from interior regions of the northwest to straight through the mid-US (St. Louis, Missouri) to southern Pennsylvania, southern coastal areas of Alaska, coastal regions of western Canada, central interior regions of Europe, central interior regions of China, southern regions of South America, and coastal regions of northern and interior regions of southern Japan. Mariesii Doublefile Viburnum is very easy to grow in full sun to part shade and most any average garden soil that is moist but well-drained. It will tolerate dry conditions once it is mature. Click on the link below to find helpful advice from our experts on how to plant and care for Viburnums. Make sure that you test the pH of your soil before buying fertilizer as well. You may change your selection at any point while shopping, just click on the Change Order Method link in your cart or on any product page and click Continue., Botanical Name: Viburnum plicatum f. tomentosum 'Mariesii'. I may have to find a spot for a second one.----------------------------------Hi Rebecca, Thanks so much for taking the time to provide your review of the Mariesii Doublefile Viburnum. It is growing beautifully. The viburnum nestled in right away, as if had been there for years. Dark green, serrated, ovate leaves 2-4" long. This will make sure that the diseased parts dont get on your healthy plants. Subscribe toBBC Gardeners World Magazineandget an essential Spring Bundle worth 44.97. Type shrub Bigger than I thought and had buds on it. We do not recommend using straight topsoil or compost as a backfill soil for Doublefile Viburnum because more times than not these products will retain entirely to much moisture and will cause the root system to rot. Youll see one-gallon, two-gallon, etc. 'Mariesii' - 6-10 feet tall, large flower clusters held above the foliage, fruits heavily, hardy to at least the southern half of zone 5. . A truly spectacular shrub that deserves a spot in every garden where it will grow. Soil ordinary, well drained Growing in a rounded mound 6 to 8 feet tall and 8 to 10 feet wide, the Mariesii Doublefile Viburnum is ideal for use as a specimen, in groupings or as a natural hedge in sunny to partially shaded landscape and flowering shrub borders or against a large open wall in home foundation plantings. The University of Florida Extension suggests biological control, which is using predatory creatures like multicolored Asian lady beetles and lacewings to eat the larvae of pests. It would be best to plant Viburnums near plants with similar needs, such as azaleas and rhododendrons, which also require acid soil. Fruit set can be very good and the foliage may turn a deep red in fall.". 1-gallon (#1) pot for example, can hold 3 quarts of soil yet they are still considered a 1-gallon pot. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Zone 10b has a low temperature of 35 to 40 Fahrenheit and 4.4 to 1.7 Celsius, covers areas of south Florida (Miami), southern most coastal regions of Europe (Portugal, Spain, and Italy), southernmost regions of China, northern regions of Australia, central regions of South and Central America, and interior and coastal regions of Africa. Nursery pot sizes are called gallon sizes. vs 2: 2 ( 2192, 2194) ( 1117, 1118 1119) USDA Zones: 5a-9b. You'll appreciate the extra branches that you won't feel as guilty when snipping for your indoor vase bouquets! Then, cover the bottom layer of soil with water. We all have a personal brand and it's always being altered by what we do, whether we are aware of it or not. root plants are sold by height from the top of the root system to the top of the plant. Broad leaved deciduous shrub, spring flowering, Prune in late winter, flowers on new wood, Extremely attractive when used as a focal point in the mixed border, mass planting, or a specimen planting. tomentosum. Mariesii Doublefile Viburnum - 3 Gallon Pot, How To Plant And Care For Viburnum Plants, Zone 5a|Zone 5b|Zone 6a|Zone 6b|Zone 7a|Zone 7b|Zone 8a|Zone 8b|Zone 9a|Zone 9b, Full Sun (min 6 hours)|AM Sun w/ PM Shade|AM Shade w/ PM Sun, Moist But Well-Drained|Dry (when established), Violet Satin Rose of Sharon (Hibiscus / Althea) - 3 Gallon Pot. Although some authorities recommend special fertilizer mixes to get the maximum results, Viburnums do amazingly well with a more relaxed approach. Large deciduous shrub with profuse white spring blooms and red-purple fall color. To be more specific, cut back one-third of the plant and cut off any water sprouts or suckers at ground level. Planted it about a month ago and it appears very happy and healthy. But if you want to rejuvenate them, start by cutting off any stems that are rubbing together. We received a beautiful, healthy plant which was carefully and securely packaged for shipping. Viburnum - Doublefile Viburnum Viburnum plicatum 'Mariesii' WVIBUMAR This deciduous shrub has beautiful large, white lacecap flowers that appear in late spring. Delay shipping by leaving us a message at Checkout. Viburnum - Doublefile. This popular ornamental produces an amazing. :) Beth Steele | WBG, My viburnum arrived super quick in beautiful condition. You can also try spraying neem oil on the plant to kill any aphids once you detect a sign of it. #big.owl-theme .owl-next, #big.owl-theme .owl-prev { background:#333; width: 22px; line-height:40px; height: 40px; margin-top: -20px; position: absolute; text-align:center; top: 50%; } Remember to loosen any roots before you put the bush in so it is even with or just below ground level! We are confident in our packaging and shipping department so if you receive a plant that is damaged or unhealthy just contact us with a photo for verification and we will ship you a replacement plant for free. With so much to offer in terms of beauty and environmental benefits, doublefile viburnum is a plant worth considering. 16" tall. Average Height: 6 - 8. Click button below to get on the Waiting List! #big.owl-theme { position: relative; } The item you are trying to purchase is currently out of stock.Please enter your name, email, and location below. The serrated pointy leaves turn an outstanding brick red in the fall. You can still order now and we will ship the plant to you during an appropriate time for your zone. #thumbs .item h1 { font-size: 18px; } It is a broad, dense, multi-stemmed, deciduous shrub that typically matures to 10-12' tall and spreads to 15' wide. Thanks for the great review! Bottom line, we want you to get exactly what you paid for - Guaranteed! The birds and wildlife will certainly appreciate the habitat, food and nesting sites. We use FedEx, UPS, or USPS at our discretion. Popular sizes of select bare root plants is 1 foot, 18 inches, etc. Or, place several behind your patio furniture as an outstanding privacy screen. Cooperative Extension prohibits discrimination and harassment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, sex (including pregnancy), disability, religion, sexual orientation, gender identity, and veteran status. No pruning is formally required, but you may of course prune it to adjust its silhouette or reduce its size. Use one as an accent by the corner of your garage to elevate the entry into your side yard. Spring Meadow Nursery no longer offers this variety; the information on this page is for reference only. Or, plant a row of them to become a wonderfully showy, flowering backdrop that doubles as privacy. P: 800-633-8859 P: 616-846-4729 F: 800-224-1628, Office: 12601 120th Ave, Grand Haven, MI 49417, Shipping & Receiving:12415 120th Ave, Grand Haven, MI 49417, 2023 Spring Meadow Nursery, Inc. tomentosum 'Mariesii' Doublefile Viburnum Plant Size: #1 Container Plant Size Information $ 39.99 3 in stock Add to cart Description Additional information Description A large, spreading shrub with beautiful white flowers with petals of four in the spring. If so, we recommend you planting Doublefile Viburnum. :) Broad, rounded, multistemmed shrub with horizontal branching. Bloom:Spring Foliage:Spring, Summer, and Fall Fruits: Fall. This proprietary eCommerce software prevents the shipment of a restricted plant to each state. You should also know that the Japanese snowball viburnum is different from the doublefile viburnum. This creates an interesting winter framework. 'Mariesii' is a superior cultivar of doublefile viburnum. The birds enjoy eating the red berry clusters in fall through winter. 'Mariesii' is a doublefile viburnum noted for its distinctively layered horizontal branching. Dont wait until later in the season because it will affect next years bloom. Rely on it to help bring definition and incredible ornamental features to your yard. Underneath it, pair it with other white flowers that bloom around the same period, such as white muscari, white daffodils or white tulips. Its time to plant some new shrubs! Finally, to end the three-season color show, the deep green foliage turns deep maroon and then to a vivid red in fall. The floating reams of spring flowers earned this particular viburnum a spot-on nickname: the wedding cake shrub. Required fields are marked *. Maries Doublefile Viburnum is a multi-stemmed deciduous shrub with a shapely form and gracefully arching branches. :) Beth Steele | WBG, To start, this was the best-packaged shrub that we have ever received! Many experts call it the most attractive cultivated shrub on the market. Thanks for the kind words and great review! I have had a good experience with Wilson Bros and am a return customer. Following the flower show are numerous clusters of scarlet-red berries the song birds will love. This plant has been in our family for generations, and it always looks gorgeous all year. I have seen mine shaped in a positive way because of the information I have freely shared. If in the rare event the plants or products you purchased from us were damaged during transit, or if you are not satisfied with the quality of the plants, please call or. The Plant Sentry Compliance Officer works closely with NatureHills.com and each nursery or fulfillment center to ensure only compliant plants are sold to customers. 5 pictures total. Thanks for the kind words and great review! Viburnum plicatum Mariesii facts Name - Viburnum plicatum v. tomentosum 'Mariesii' Family - Adoxaceae (formerly Caprifoliaceae) Type - shrub Height - 8 feet (2.5 m) Exposure - full sun or part sun Soil - ordinary, well drained Plant in moist well-drained soil with mulch around the roots to keep them cool and moist. I would definitely order from Wilson Bros again!----------------------------------------We are so glad you are pleased and we hope you enjoy it for years to come! Plant with other Doublefile Viburnum to maximize pollination and increase fruit production for your feathered friends! Zone 3b has a low temperature of -35 to -30 Fahrenheit and -34.5 to -37.2 Celsius, spanning from northernmost regions of the US, interior and northern coastal areas of Alaska, southern regions of Canada, northern areas of Europe, some central and northern interior regions of China, and interior regions of northern Japan. This is normal and essential to the plant's health. Water using the counting method for the first few weeks. Apply a three-inch layer, but keep it pulled back from the main stems. This shrub is easily transplanted. Eye-catching red fruits develop from the double rows of white flowers. Not surprising: this plant grows and flowers with abandon, asking only for some summer moisture to avoid the "dog-ears" behavior when excessively hot. Scientific Name: Viburnum plicatum tomentosum 'Mariesii'. Fast growing. If you have an old or overgrown doublefile viburnum, do renewal pruning early in the spring. Fine hairs are on stems and leaf undersides. Works great with taller trees and shrubs. Follow this up with a early summer application of Espoma Holly-Tone, this will provide the necessary nutrients and raise the acid level in the soil which Viburnum mariesii favor. When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to go to the desired page. The dark green leaves on this dense, multi-stemmed shrub are toothed and oval in shape, turning an attractive burgundy red in autumn. Free Ground Shipping on Orders Over $130*. *THIS PLANT IS NOT DEAD. Lacecap type flower clusters (showy, sterile flowers in a ring around smaller, fertile flowers); flowers white in mid spring; bright red fruit in clusters in late summer, turning blue-black; autumn color is reddish purple. Reapply according to the directions. Doublefile viburnum, Viburnum plicatum var. Zone 2b has a low temperature of -45 to -40 Fahrenheit and -40 to -42.7 Celsius, spanning from interior areas of Alaska (Unalakleet), the northernmost tip of Minnesota, middle regions of Canada, and northernmost regions of China. VIDEO created by Andy Pulte for Landscape Plant Identification, Taxonomy and Morphology a plant identification course offered by the Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee. Another, the Watanabe doublefile japanese snowball, has a blooming that lasts for a very long time, from May to October. Viburnum plicatum var. The birds enjoy eating the red berry clusters in fall through winter. Thrilled to find it and Wilson brothers nursery.-----------------------------------------------------We are so glad you are pleased and we hope you enjoy it for years to come! options as you create a beautiful landscape with help from Nature Hills. The doublefile viburnum (Viburnum plicatum f. tomentosum 'Mariesii') is a medium-sized deciduous shrub (8 to 16 feet in height) that blooms with white flowers from April to May. Once an item ships, you will receive shipment notification and tracking numbers, so you can follow along while your plant travels to your doorstep. Mariesii doublefile viburnum is one of the two most commonly planted doublefile viburnums around the Ohio River valley, along with Shasta. 2-gallon (#2) pot holds about 1.5 gallons of soil, 3-gallon (#3) pot holds about 2.9 gallons of soil, 5-gallon (#5) pot holds about 4.6 gallons of soil, 1 Gallon Pot - 6.5 to 7.5 inches wide by 7 to 8 inches deep, 2 Gallon Pot - 8.5 to 9.5 inches wide by 8 to 9 inches deep, 3 Gallon Pot - 10.5 to 11.5 inches wide by 9.5 to 10.5 inches deep, 5 Gallon Pot - 12 to 13 inches wide by 11 to 12.5 inches deep. Our plants are grown all over the country and lead time on items may be different because of this. $ 45.99 - $ 115.99. Viburnum 'Mariesii' Overview. White flowers, Clothed in snowy white flowers in a pinwheel arrangement atop the branches in spring as if covered in snow, with attractive horizontal branching and good fall color, making it a fantastic specimen shrub. Zone 2a has a low temperature of -50 to -45 Fahrenheit and -42.8 to -45.5 Celsius, spanning from interior areas of Alaska, northern regions of Canada (Manitoba), and northernmost isolated parts of China. We highly recommend that you mulch your Viburnum mariesii with either a ground hardwood mulch or a ground cypress mulch depending on your local availability. The dark green leaves on this dense, multi-stemmed shrub are toothed and oval in shape, turning an attractive burgundy red in autumn. Between construction next door and weather events the plant finally found a home. Clothed in snowy white flowers in a pinwheel arrangement atop the branches in spring as if covered in snow, with attractive horizontal branching and good fall color, making it a fantastic specimen shrub. Height 8feet (2.5m) The green foliage develops a burgundy-red fall color. :) Beth Steele | WBG, Package delivered fast and plants arrived in excellent condition with great recovery. Though mariesii doublefile viburnum prefers loam soil, it can also grow in any other type of medium moisture well-drained soil. Beth Steele | Wilson Bros Gardens, Excellence all around! #big.owl-theme .owl-next { right: 10px; } *Only one ordering method can be selected per order. Cats, No reported toxicity to Ever wonder what a larger plant will mean for your landscape? Rest assured - We Guarantee It! Exposure full sun or part sun Following the flower show are numerous clusters of scarlet-red berries the song birds will love. Not only have we built our reputation on shipping the highest quality plants, we take great care to gently pack and secure every plant we ship using the highest level of packaging products and methods available to ensure your plants arrive safely and in good condition - Guaranteed! Thereafter, provide a medium amount of water on a regular basis. The fall color is reddish-purple. Best is to have it slightly acidic, so a good option is to use pine bark mulch or spread a cup of fresh (not used) coffee grounds once every couple months until spring. Key Guelder rose facts Name Viburnum, 'Mary Milton' is one of the rare viburnums that offer a beautiful pink blooming. 2023 Garden Goods Direct. It will grow nicely both under direct sun or with less sun. We are so glad you are pleased and we hope you enjoy it for years to come! It also likes sun or partial shade and can handle tough weather conditions like poor soil or dry spells without complaint. Family Adoxaceae (formerly Caprifoliaceae) Pleased with this nursery!------------------------------------------------------------------------We are so glad you are pleased and we hope you enjoy it for years to come! These contrast beautifully with large white lacecap spring flowers. Its average texture blends into the landscape, but can be balanced by one or two finer or coarser trees or shrubs for an effective composition. It is best if you plant this shrub in soil that is moist and drains well. These are approximate measurements and they do vary from supplier to supplier. Moreover, other pests found include aphids, insects, Japanese beetles, scale, mealybugs, weevils, spider mites, and thrips. When the shrub flowers, cut it off! Even after leaf drop, the horizontal tiered branches look great when bare for winter. I am placing a breathable cover to allow it to adjust to the sun. Also part of the Viburnum family is laurestine or Viburnum tinus which is often found in our gardens. . We are so glad you are pleased! Well-organized, toothed, dark green leaves look almost quilted! Noted for its striking horizontal branching. These are approximate measurements and dimensions vary from manufacturer to manufacturer but all dimensions fall in the following specifications. Exposure: Full sun, Exposure: Part sun, The two-inch clusters line each branch to completely cover the shrub from top to bottom. The Ultimate Guide On Carrotwood Tree Care. A hedge is made of closely planted shrubs or other plants which, as they grow and are trimmed and shaped or left to grow natural, form a straight or curved solid wall or fence of foliage from 1 to 10 feet in height. Viburnum plicatum f. tomentosum 'Mariesii' has distinctly veined, dark green leaves which become red-purple in autumn. Common Name: doublefile viburnum Type: Deciduous shrub Family: Adoxaceae Zone: 5 to 8 Height: 10.00 to 12.00 feet Spread: 12.00 to 15.00 feet Bloom Time: April to May Bloom Description: White Sun: Full sun to part shade Water: Medium Maintenance: Low Suggested Use: Hedge Flower: Showy Leaf: Good Fall Attracts: Birds, Butterflies Fruit: Showy Zone 8b has a low temperature of 15 to 20 Fahrenheit and -6.7 to -9.4 Celsius, spanning all the way across the US; from coastal areas of the northwest and California through central Arizona and southern Texas, to across south Georgia and north Florida, the southern interior region of southeast Australia, southern interior regions of Europe, central interior regions of China, coastal and areas just inland in southern Japan, and northern and southern interior regions of Africa. When you sign up for our FREE newsletter! After the flowers are finished in late spring, prune lightly to shape. Masses of flat white flowers appear in April or May. The plant is just eager to get growing. Bio-tone starter fertilizer is the best product to use at the time of planting. Horizontal branching can give a layered look. To bloom best, 6 hours of direct sun is a minimum, so if an overhead tree spreads too much shade, you might try to thin it and let more light through. tomentosum. Aphrodite Rose of Sharon (Althea / Hibiscus) - 3 Gallon Pot, Chinese Snowball Viburnum Bush - 3 Gallon Pot, Cherry Dazzle Dwarf Crape Myrtle - 3 Gallon Pot, Fireglow Red Leaf Japanese Maple - 1 Gallon Pot, Fragrant Orange Tea Olive - Osmanthus fragrans aurantiacus - 3 Gallon Pot, Sunny Yellow Knock Out Rose - 1 Gallon Pot, Sweet Drift Groundcover Rose - 1 Gallon Pot, Sunrosa Yellow Dwarf Shrub Rose - 1 Gallon Pot, Sunrosa Red Dwarf Shrub Rose - 1 Gallon Pot, Twombly's Red Sentinel Japanese Maple - 3 Gallon Pot, Popcorn Snowball Viburnum Bush - 1 Gallon Pot. We just love this plant! To obtain a more accurate shipment time-frame, simply enter your zip code in the Find Your Growing Zone box to the right. They bloom in mid-spring and then sporadically through the summer months. Bare Fall leaf color is red to purple. Viburnum plicatum 'Mariesii' Doublefile Viburnum. Songbirds will enjoy them as a nutrient-rich resource food before winter. Knowledge sharing helps to strengthen your personal brand! Mom was very happy.--------------------------Hi Monique, Thanks so much for taking the time to provide your review of the Mariesii Doublefile Viburnum. Cant wait to watch her grow!----------------------------------------------We are so glad you are pleased and we hope you enjoy her for years to come! Deer resistant. Read our Commitment to Diversity | Read our Privacy Statement. Viburnum 'Mariesii' has no particular known value to wildlife in the UK. Thanks for the kind words and great review! They put out a lot of beautiful leaves, but not too many flowers. In this way, the plant can grow more and have enough time to develop new wood before next years spring. Address2336 S 156TH CIRCLEOMAHA, NEBRASKA68130, Support Linkcustomer-support.naturehills.com, Bushes & Shrubs > Viburnum > Maries Doublefile Viburnum. Stunning white, lace-cap flowers cover this beauty in late spring. It is best to plant doublefile viburnum during the spring or fall. Viburnum mariesii has dark green foliage throughout the season. The blooms are white and fade to pink. Nature Hills sells a large variety of plants with several options available. To prevent this issue, you must keep good air circulation and dry leaves. USDA Zone 5, USDA Zone 6, USDA Zone 7, USDA Zone 8, 8-15' tall and 10-18' wide. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. Please note that some items include an additional handling surcharge, these will be noted on the item's product page. Should You Have A Neon Pothos In Your Home? The calm white flowers make for a beautiful contrast to the foliage. Have it placed across from my office window. Hardy zones 5 to 8. It's perfect for growing as a specimen shrub in a mixed border and also works well in Japanese garden schemes. Elevate your shrubs in a raised bed if your soil retains water. N.C. Masses of flat white flowers appear in April or May. .owl-theme .owl-nav [class*='owl-'].disabled:hover { background-color: #D6D6D6; } Copyright var date = new Date(); document.write(date.getFullYear()) Wilson Bros Gardens. The best way to control these pests is by targeting their larvae not the adults of these pests. If you have the space, add a long row along the front of your property or to decorate a wider side yard. This shrub is native to China and Japan and grows 8 to 10 feet tall and as wide. This is a relatively low-maintenance shrub, and should only be pruned after flowering to avoid removing any of the current season's flowers. Yet, what if youre looking for something that is drought-tolerant and resistant to deer? USDA Zone: 5 - 8. tomentosum, this plant has distinctly layered horizontal branches that serve as a good stage for the large, white sterile blooms that are raised on longer stems. Popular sizes of select trees are 1 foot, 2 feet, 3 feet, etc. I will buy from Wilson Brothers again. Beth Steele | Wilson Bros Gardens. After the winter that refused to end it finally has leafed out and looks very healthy. Container Sizes are really all about the A 2 to 3-inch layer of mulch is sufficient, but remember to take care not to cover any part of the stem of the plant with mulch. In detail, the hole needs to be at least two times bigger or three times bigger. Thanks for the kind words and great review! Need advice? I have seen ones that are profuse with white flowers. Sun Exposure: Partial to full sun. Cooperative Extension, which staffs local offices in all 100 counties and with the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. Mulching helps to keep weeds away that will compete with your new investment for water and nutrients. tomentosum 'Mariesii'): Zone 8a has a low temperature of 10 to 15 Fahrenheit and -9.5 to -12 Celsius, spanning all the way across the US; from coastal areas of the northwest and California through central Arizona and Texas, across the southern halves and coasts of Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia and the Carolinas, central interior regions of Europe, central interior regions of China, coastal regions of southern Japan, southern interior regions of South America, and northern and southern interior regions of Africa. NC State University and N.C. A&T State University work in tandem, along with federal, state and local governments, to That is why we do not recommend planting in a hole any deeper than the soil line of the plant in the pot. Relax with the even tempo of their horizontal branches. Thank you for helping us honor our friend's memory.----------------------------------------We are so glad yall are pleased and we hope yall enjoy it for years to come! Mariesii doublefile viburnum (Viburnum plicatum var. A good rule is that you should still be able to see the soil the plant was grown in after back-filling the hole. Doublefile viburnum or Japanese snowball viburnum produces 2 to 3 inch wide showy, snowball-type clusters of white flowers in spring. Flowering April to June. Thanks for the great review! Any type of mulch will do, but cypress or hardwood mulch will be of a higher quality and provide better nutrition overall as they breakdown. Highly recommend and Ill be a repeat customer for sure! 8-12 pairs of veins are prominent on leaves. Prune as needed after flowering. In fact, planting during dormancy promotes root growth, giving your plant a better start for spring, when new foliage will begin to grow. Probably the best mail order plant Ive ever gotten. Do an early spring fertilizer with a product such as Espoma Tree-tone or Plant-tone at the recommended rate this will give the plant a boost of nitrogen that will be needed for healthy abundant foliage. You can remove the weak, thin suckers that grow around the plants trunk as they sap the plants strength. This is not to be rushed. Put plants in their place, and water them. Zone 7b has a low temperature of 5 to 10 Fahrenheit and -12.3 to -14.9 Celsius, spanning all the way across the US; from eastern California through southern New Mexico and central Texas, across the northern parts of Georgia and the Carolinas to the mid Atlantic coast, coastal regions of western Canada, central interior regions of Europe, central interior regions of China, coastal regions of northern and areas just inland in southern Japan, southern interior regions of South America, and northern and southern interior regions of Africa.