The kackaroo (ceremonial ground) was surrounded by carved trees and bushes. They, too, were buried at Violet Hill. The flesh was cut with a little sharp stone, and then the black so operated upon would lie out in the sun. I was present at [a corroboree] 55 years ago with the rest of our family. Their movements are made as noiselessly as possible, so that the women may not hear them coming. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954). I once inquired the reason of this fear of the place and was quaintly informed that too many shark were there. But the blacks remained, and many of my earliest recollections are of them. Vocabularies of the Manning RIver and Hunter river in Edward M Currs The. Toys were designed to amuse and educate children, and also to prepare them for adulthood. The Wonnarua Language & Culture Archive is owned and managed by the Wonnarua Nation Aboriginal Corporation (WNAC), and it has been created for educational purposes. (I may here mention this burial place has been held sacred by his descendants, and many of the tribe have been buried there since then, the dead being conveyed many miles in order that they might make this their last resting place.) The other men then go and pick up the bushes thrown down by the keerang, and pull the leaves off them, making a continuous grunting, noise while so employed. [11] As at 2009, the Wonnarua Nation Aboriginal Corporation (WNAC) had three arrangements in place under Native Title and was planning to develop more. When they are all assembled, a bull- roarer is sounded, and they march along the track in single file to the kackaroo, inside of which the women are dancing, having gathered there when they heard the bull- roarer. 1820. exposed pith of the under piece. The stone is about the height and size of a [woman]. . A complete guide to the Duttons, from 1883 to Yellowstone. The Australian Museum respects and acknowledges the Gadigalpeople as the FirstPeoples and TraditionalCustodians ofthe land and waterways on which theMuseumstands. Many Wonnarua may be uncertain of their heritage and the Elders are keen to help their members trace their family lines. Each singer seemed to be trying to outdo his neighbor in vociferation. Doughboy Billy, to whom Mr. Boydell presented a brass plate with the inscription, King of the Tribe, died in the gully behind what is now Mr. R. G. Berrys. This nomadic minstrel was a most important individual, posturing, gesticulating and leaping about the fitful flames of the camp fire he would sing, over and over again, his latest melody, which usually had to do with some well known incident. All the armed men who are standing round, make a noise by beating together two boomerangs, or any two weapons which they may happen to have with them. Attention: This site does not support the current version of your web browser. The fitting was done so cleverly that the whole would be as solid as though in one piece. You'll want to decide what generation you want to start with. . Another fishing superstition was In connection with eating fruit. On the 30th last I discov- ered in the bush opposite iny residence, three head of Mr Myles cattle speared. As the boys took this symbolic leave of their mothers, the ceremony geared towards its climax. Groups living near the Wonnarua include the Darkinjung and the Wirad . This appeared to be a signal for the next part of the proceedings, for soon after some two hundred leaping blackfellows appeared over the brow of the hill. H e explained that he never felt a hit from a nullah, and only realised he had been struck when he noticed the blood streaming down his [face]. The Kabook and Watoo people of the Gringai clan of the Worimi Nation (The Cook family) have lived continually in the Barrington for over 189 years recorded by the first white settlers 1826, until the present Cook Family Descendants from the Kabook and Watoo people speak the Kattang (or Gathang) language and it has been recorded that they are the last of the true custodians and Clan within the boundaries of the Allyn and Williams river up stream to Gummi Falls on the Manning River known as Kummi Kummi (Place of many Crystal stones), Barrington Tops (Beann Beann), Rawdon Vale, Barrington, Gloucester up to the Manning river down to Cresford the Karuah River and the Bulliac Tugrabakh Bora Ground area, some 13km from Gloucester. These were called cumiml, and varied considerably in size and construction according to the purpose for which they were designed. Sir By the directions of T. Cook, Esq., our Supt of Police, and in explanation of that part of your letter to him dated the 30th July, relative to the aboriginal black named in the margin [Jemmy], I do myself the honor to inform you that the said black native was tried at this court on 29th January last, and found guilty of an assault and robbery, and committed to take his trial before the Supreme Court. I think 1838 would be nearer the mark. After his sentence was completed in Newcastle in 1817 he lived in Sydney selling watercolour illustrations of natural history subjects and of the Aborigines. In 1789 an outbreak of what was probably smallpox in Sydney killed many Aborigines and caused a large number of survivors to flee. . The women then step out of the ring, and stand a few yards from it, where they remain till the conclusion of the performance. Throughout the Gringai country [there] were many [aboriginal cemeteries]. As they were fairly plentiful in the bush they were often on the menu. With these birds and animals,usually well trained, they would amuse themselves for hours, indulging in fits of mirth at the antics and feats of their pets. They were going to the bora ceremonies. Following this ceremony the visiting kinship groups returned to their own lands. Gordon Bennett (reprinted 1964) p8. Some time after around 1841 the original Hookes and Laurie family moving in after that date. or the boogerum and they and raised them to frenzy when the ceremonies were being performed. They never seemed to tire of the diet, and the schools of mullet yielded them more than enough for their wants during the period they would be in the harbor. Dear Wikiwand AI, let's keep it short by simply answering these key questions: Hunter River and Lake Macquarie Language (Awabakal-Wanarruwa). With their inimitable mimicry the deficiencies and idiosyncrasies of the others would be copied and mocked by strutting youths and old men, and even sometimes the women, their antics provoking the immoderate mirth of the whole tribe, including the very object of their humor. They ascended the lofty Mackenzie Table land and located the first body of fugitive natives camped on the northern face of the mountain on a narrow shelf above a gigantic cliff which overhung a tangled mass of brush and vines. A. placed in a slanting position, forming a shelter, covered in on one side, leaving the other side open. Genealogical Society of Utah (now FamilySearch) ca. The back of this shelter is towards the womens camp. The top, fitted into this slot, would be made firm with cords of animal sinews or flbre ( and coated oyer with gum from the grass-tree. Finally the initiates were sent out into the bush, to prove their capabilities as hunters and men. I have edited out many instances of phrases such as howling savages and gins and have tried to keep the excerpts as cultural reportage, not cultural judgement, but inevitably the historical reports indicate the white cultural mores of the time. For the most part full dress consisted of a possum-fur belt, with narrow strips of skin pendant there from both in front and at the back. Sir, I have the honor to acknowledge receipt of your letter of the 19th instant relative to the individual named in the margin [Cooky], and have no hesitation in saying, from the peaceable, honest, and orderly conduct of the blacks in this quarter for many months past it would be perfectly safe to return Cooky to his tribe nay I am sure it would do great good, for he is an intelligent fellow, and will communicate to his friends all he has seen - and come through since they parted, this paving the way to their future improvement, while it must ensure gratitude and good will to the whites. I was working at Irwins once and remember the [women] coming down opposite Tillegra house. [5], The Wonnarua people appeared to use a similar language to the Awabakal people, called Awabakal language, that is being reviewed by oral historians and linguists in order to develop a comprehensive dictionary of the language of the Hunter River and Lake Macquarie regions. Mr R. Dawson describes a meeting with some strange blacks. My great-great-great grandmother belonged to the Gringai group of the Won- narua people. In regard to the food supply of a camp, Dr McKinlay states that the aborigines lived well and happily about Dungog. The depositions taken were duly transmitted by me to His Majestys Attorney- General the following day, and the prisoner was forwarded from Dungog in charge of two of the mounted police, who were expressly sent for, being apprehensive of a rescue by the turbulent blacks of the district. With a woomterah to aid the cast, the y could hit a mark at almost every throw up to a distance of 50 to 75 yards. In regard to the captured women, if she belonged to the same sub-class or totem as the capturer, he would have to let her go or yield her up to someone of a different class. % They were all howling in company; the females more treble than the rest. @R(p"X4H((@H Xd/50
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The last of their kings died only some four years ago, a fine, manly old fellow. What makes me remember the corroboree was the fight that followed. The fish spear (tutti) was .made In three distinct parts. Dr McKinlay relates an interesting anecdote in this connec- tion that is worth repeating. His photo is still hanging in the School of Arts. he would cry. The novices are then brought out and placed standing in a row between the camp and the fires, with their eyes cast down. removed the kidney fat without the painful operation above described. [8] He did not own the land, the land owned him.. The novices are not allowed to leave the camp, but must sit in the shelter all day with their eyes cast down, some of their guardians remaining with them. Allan Cunningham (16/4/1825) had noted this plant growing on and below a ridge just north of Denman. The opossum, with his pronounced eucalyptus flavor, was also esteemed a great delicacy, and these dainty little arboreal citizens received scant consideration when the tribe was on a foraging expedition. It was the belief that when the name of the guilty person was called the corpse would start. Wonnarua Nation Aboriginal Corporation chief executive Laurie Perry said there were "tit-for-tat skirmishes" on the land, but "there was no massacre on the site or recorded massacre on the site". The first recipient never troubled about being deprived of possession, and enjoyed more the uses to which It was put by his friends. . The men at Port Stephens did not employ this method the toe-hold affording them all the assistance necessary. The gaps between the ties of the vines at stem and stern would be plugged with clay, so skilfully introduced that the whole craft would be absolutely watertight. A few of the men at the back of the kweealbang commence chopping at a tree, and the boys are helped to their feet, and are put standing in a row near the fires, each boy being supported by his guardian. It was no uncommon thing for some wandering visitor from another tribe to come along at certain intervals to teach our blacks another song, probably one of his own composition. This website may contain names, images and voices of deceased Aboriginal and TorresStrait Islanderpeoples. Search for a specific ancestor in FamilySearch. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Tue 15 Apr 1919 Page 5 BURNT GULLY CORROBOREE. Another superstition was in regard to the treatment of a sufferer from internal pains. The Chief Justice recommended the prisoner to the Sheriffs humane attention. We would like to acknowledge the Wonnarua people who are the traditional custodians of this land. . . What this Initiatory preparation was I never learned, for the boys maintained a strict silence on the subject. The language spoken around Newcastle and Lake Macquarie called by the aborigines Awaaba was much the same, and the whole language was named Kurring-gai by some, and Awaabakal by others. Ganghat . It was no light task to make a boomerang, for a good deal of skill and more than an ordinary amount of patience was necessary. To the English, Kathang or Gathang speakers did not differentiate between, for example, T and D, P and B, K and G, Sh and Ch. All these operations are carried out as speedily as practicable, so as not to keep the women - some of whom have infants at their breasts - any longer under such rigorous concealment than is necessary. Whereas my parents were always careful to remove bones from any fish served to us at our table, the aboriginal mothers tossed their imps great slices of fish and let them manage as best they could. hb```f``f`a``cg@ ~+s\ N(7?qr[>fz Company despatched their small body of veterans time-expired soldiers from Carrington to supplement the civilians, but the soldiers never reached the scene of operations, having halted and retired when within 6 miles of the station, fearing an ambush, leaving the decision to the two civilian bodies, who enacted a terrible vengeance. One [researcher] described Frasers work as most unsatisfactory and unquestion- ably the most inaccurate and garbled account ever published about the Aborigines. Despite this demolition of Frasers credentials and abilities, the word Guringai wasnt demolished with its authors reputation and it was picked up from time to time until it became widely accepted as the name for the original inhabitants of northern Sydney or of their language. Add new content to your site from Sensagent by XML. Their creation spirit is Baiami, also known as Koin, is the creator of all things and the Keeper of the Valley. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Tue 21 Jun 1932 Page 6 TATTOOED BLACKS. These fibre strings were also used to make dilly-bags in which [young children] were carried as well as articles of food, and puppies. The latter keep marching on, and the keerang follow them till they arrive at a water-hole or running stream, which has previously been agreed upon as a suitable bathing place. They had a simple and quick method of their own, that used by their forefathers through centuries of time, one indeed common to savage peoples all over the world, the creating of a spark by the friction of two pieces of wood rubbed together. The Wonnarua people are traditional landowners in the . Find the information or skills you need to uncover who you are. Saturday, 8th June. By some unerring instinct the blacks knew to within a day when the first of the great shoals would appear through the heads. There was a good deal of make- believe in the business that follow ed, probably carried on for the bene fit of the. All you need to do is follow the two simple processes give above. Copyright for this website is owned by the State of New South Wales through the Department of Education. The Blacks also roast the roots and make them into a sort of cake, which they eat cold. But tho summers (kurrawarn) were temperate and the winters (tuokerah) genial for the most part, so that constitutions inured through centuries of experience to vagaries of the seasons took no hurt from the changes bf temperature when they did come. The Wonnarua Nation Aboriginal Corporation was established in 1999 and represents the Wonnarua people. The two men now separate, one going round one side, and one round the other, and again meet at the entrance of the goonambang, where they stand and dance, shaking their boughs and boomerangs for a brief period. All the men and women then disperse into the camp, and the strangers commence erecting their quarters. A family tree is a diagram that shows the relationships between people in your family. The Australian Museums Egyptian Collection includes over one thousand objects and is one of the largest public collections of Egyptian antiquities in Australia. No European casualties are mentioned but it said that the Aboriginals had acquired some guns which was the reason for the retreat. Many years ago a party of blanks made a raid on Mackenzies men at Rawdon Vale, in the Gloucester district then known -as Kiripit the native name of that small variety of kangaroo rat. As a feat of agility it was more than ordinarily remarkable. It could hardly be said that they had any conception of a God, yet they feared, and feared profoundly, some terrible invisible being they named Cooen supposedly capable of exercising a maleficent influence over their lives. It was this ordeal that tested their physical and emotional abilities almost to breaking point. Scott Franks, of the Plains Clans Wonnarua People (PCWP), believedthe colonial past of the RavensworthEstateinvolvedthe brutal massacre of First Nations people. It was as pretty a place as I know of anywhere. There was a marvellous variety of fish in the harbour in those days, and if might be interesting to record the native names of the different species. They will remain in custody awaiting your orders respecting them. All these pantomimic representations are largely mixed with abominable and obscene gestures. to the new mob also started from where they had been sitting down, as soon as their men started for the goonambang, and proceeded direct to the main camp, where they joined the women of the hosts. Mustering the Tribes.-When it is found that there are a sufficient number of boys old enough for initiation, the head-man of the tribe whose turn it is to call the. Poisoning is the most cowardly form of massacre and the Aboriginal race cannot, do not, forget despite their kindly nature. This cruel happening was not discovered by the boss for quite a time and when it was the man was sent to Newcastle, but it remains unknown what his fate was life was cheap then. The shield (cooreel), was an important article of warlike equipment to the warriors. Sometimes a blow on the head er e he fell would kill him, or if he were thrown down alive, those beneath would perform the final ceremony of dispatch. White men are not allowed to be present at this great ceremony, but by bribing one of the leading men I was permitted to be present at a part of the performance on condition that I did not come so near the company as to annoy the assembled tribes. The report concludedthat mining on the estate "violates the traditional relationship between the Aboriginal peoples and their land". The recipient would don the gift, usually after a fashion never originally Intended, and would strut proudly about the camp displaying himself and his adornment. By the early 1900s, the word Kurringgai had been adopted by others interested in Aboriginal history and languages and was taken to refer to Aborigines living in northern Sydney. The next morning the women proceed again to the kweealbang and light a fire. The review found the option of moving the homestead to a nearby farm "better preserves many more aspects of significance than the rebuilding at Broke". These are excerpts from publicly available documents, mostly from the 1800s and early 1900s relating to the Gringai, giving an indication of their customs and way of life. They are generally listed as clan of the Worrimi people, though the Wonnarua Strategic Plan lists the Gringai of Gresford as Wonnarua. Robert S Fuller et al, The Astronomy of the Kamilaroi People and their Neighbours, 12. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baiame&oldid=1103216289, This page was last edited on 8 August 2022, at 21:04. The illustration above is captioned Natives returned from fishing and sub captioned Drawn by Mr R. Browne No. . Owing to the humming noise which they have themselves been making, and the quiet manner in which the men and boys have come in, such of the younger women who have not been to a keeparra before are surprised to see the cordon of white men standing around them. When quite young, a ligature was tied about the first joint of her little finger very tightly, and being left there for a considerable time, the top portion mortified and, in time, fell off. The blacks attack on Kiripit homestead was averted by the merest accident. As previously stated, it was the function of selected women special- ly dedicated to the fishing ; to pre. It means a place to be shunned. Monday, 10th June. Women were not allowed to see drawings of Baiame nor approach Baiame sites, which are often male initiation sites (boras). According to the Wonnarua dreamtime the Hunter Valley was created by the great spirit, Baime (Byamee). That this method was a good one I can bear strong testimony, for the natural juices were preserved within the fish, and the flesh tasted better than when treated any other way. The bark would be stripped carefully from the tree and soaked in water until the outer portions could be readily scraped off with a shell. In travelling from place to place a fire-stick was always carried, the brand being whirled and twisted so that it would not go out. Cabbage Tree Island was literally covered with them then, and I recall dropping fourteen in one discharge of my little double-barrelled gun. On account of the novices hair being singed short, and the white paint on their bodies, the mothers are sometimes unable to recognise their own sons. Ironically, it is directly above Baime cave where Europeans first viewed the Upper Hunter, led from Sydney by a tracker from the Wonnarua tribe. The Wonnarua people, otherwise written Wanarruwa, are a group of Aboriginal Australian people united by strong ties of kinship, and who survived in family groups or clans scattered along the inland area of what is now known as the Upper Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia. The novices and guardians occupy a central position, and the rest of the men camp under the remainder of the shelter, in both directions. The Grengai tribe were possessed of a wonderful marriage law, which prevented relations from marrying, and this law extends to Queensland. They are generally listed as clan of the Worrimi people, though the Wonnarua Strategic Plan lists the Gringai of Gresford as Wonnarua. A slanting position, forming a shelter, covered in on one,... A sort of cake, which prevented relations from marrying, and the Aboriginal race can not, do,! An important article of warlike equipment to the treatment of a sufferer from internal pains leaving the other side.... 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