Claude Debussy, in full Achille-Claude Debussy, (born August 22, 1862, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France—died March 25, 1918, Paris), French composer whose works were a seminal force in the music of the 20th century. [165], In more recent times Debussy's output has been extensively recorded. [2] The piano piece Golliwogg's Cakewalk, from the 1908 suite Children's Corner, contains a parody of music from the introduction to Tristan, in which, in the opinion of the musicologist Lawrence Kramer, Debussy escapes the shadow of the older composer and "smilingly relativizes Wagner into insignificance". Life and Music Claude Debussy was born on the 22nd August 1862 in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France. For three months, Debussy attended rehearsals practically every day. He was one of the most important figures in music at the turn of the 20th century; his music represents the transition from late-romantic to 20th century classical.Debussy's most dramatic contribution to music history was his disregard for traditional chord structures and tonality. [166], "Debussy" redirects here. A new version of Last.fm is available, to keep everything running smoothly, please reload the site. "[120], Bartók first encountered Debussy's music in 1907 and later said that "Debussy's great service to music was to reawaken among all musicians an awareness of harmony and its possibilities". With the latter in mind the composer wrote to the violinist Eugène Ysaÿe in 1894 describing the orchestral Nocturnes as "an experiment in the different combinations that can be obtained from one colour – what a study in grey would be in painting. [95], Musicians from Debussy's time onwards have regarded Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune (1894) as his first orchestral masterpiece. [34] Although Debussy's works showed the influence of Jules Massenet, the latter concluded, "He is an enigma. Among his pupils was Raoul Bardac, son of Emma, the wife of a Parisian banker, Sigismond Bardac. "[120], Nevertheless, there are many indicators of the sources and elements of Debussy's idiom. Orledge considers the last a pre-echo of the marine textures of La mer. He loved his music – and perhaps himself. I t was a description he always rejected, but Claude Debussy (1862-1918) is often thought of as an impressionist, a musical equivalent to Monet or Renoir. [32] Neither did he delight in Italian opera, as he found the operas of Donizetti and Verdi not to his taste. [156] Boulez also discovered Debussy's music at a young age and said that it gave him his first sense of what modernity in music could mean. She was a sophisticate, a brilliant conversationalist, an accomplished singer, and relaxed about marital fidelity, having been the mistress and muse of Gabriel Fauré a few years earlier. [n 9] For most of 1901 he had a sideline as music critic of La Revue Blanche, adopting the pen name "Monsieur Croche". Beginning with Deux Arabesques (1888), it offers the Suite bergamasque (1890–1905), Réverie (1890), Danse (1890), Ballade (1890), Pour le piano (1896–1901), D'un cahier d'esquisses (1903), Extampes (1903), Mazurka (1891), Valse romantique (1890), … [71] His relations with Ravel, never close, were exacerbated when the latter joined other former friends of Debussy in contributing to a fund to support the deserted Lilly. [131] Howat cautions against the assumption that Debussy's Ballade (1891) and Nocturne (1892) are influenced by Chopin – in Howat's view they owe more to Debussy's early Russian models[132] – but Chopin's influence is found in other early works such as the Two arabesques (1889–1891). He set Dante Gabriel Rossetti's The Blessed Damozel in his early cantata, La Damoiselle élue (1888). Lockspeiser calls La mer "the greatest example of an orchestral Impressionist work",[114] and more recently in The Cambridge Companion to Debussy Nigel Simeone comments, "It does not seem unduly far-fetched to see a parallel in Monet's seascapes". Many of these early recordings have been reissued on CD. He was one of the most important figures in music at the turn of the 20th century; his music represents the transition from late-romantic to 20th century classical. He was a fine pianist and an outstanding sight reader, who could have had a professional career had he wished,[20] but he was only intermittently diligent in his studies. Some praised the work, but Pierre Lalo, critic of Le Temps, hitherto an admirer of Debussy, wrote, "I do not hear, I do not see, I do not smell the sea". His father, Manuel-Achille Debussy, owned a china shop there; his mother, Victorine Manoury Debussy, was a seamstress. Go directly to shout page. 20–21; Walsh (2003), Chapter 1; and Jensen, pp. Raoul introduced his teacher to his mother, to whom Debussy quickly became greatly attracted. [2] Lesure also considers that Mussorgsky's opera Boris Godunov directly influenced Debussy's Pelléas et Mélisande. [82] In the same year, visiting Budapest, Debussy commented that his works were better known there than in Paris. [146], Debussy's literary inspirations were mostly French, but he did not overlook foreign writers. [117] Simon Trezise, in his 1994 book Debussy: La Mer, finds the intrinsic evidence "remarkable," with the caveat that no written or reported evidence suggests that Debussy deliberately sought such proportions. But there is no help for it! Let us know what you think of the Last.fm website. This volume contains the complete music for solo piano written by Claude Debussy between 1888 and 1905. He described the symphonies of Schumann and Mendelssohn as "respectful repetition", In a letter of 1908 he wrote: "I am trying to do 'something different' – an effect of reality ... what the imbeciles call 'impressionism', a term which is as poorly used as possible, particularly by the critics, since they do not hesitate to apply it to [J.M.W.]. [164], Contemporaries of Debussy who made recordings of his music, included the pianists Ricardo Viñes (in "Poissons d'or" from Images and "La soirée dans Grenade" from Estampes); Alfred Cortot (numerous solo pieces as well as the Violin Sonata with Jacques Thibaud and the Chansons de Bilitis with Maggie Teyte); and Marguerite Long ("Jardins sous la pluie" and "Arabesques"). Saint-Saëns had been a member of the Institut since 1881: Debussy never became one. [83], In 1915 Debussy underwent one of the earliest colostomy operations. Also it is sold at a very competitive price! 1) DEBUSSY. [55] The complete set was given the following year. Throughout his career he wrote mélodies based on a wide variety of poetry, including his own. In 2018, to mark the centenary of the composer's death, Warner Classics, with contributions from other companies, issued a 33-CD set that is claimed to include all the music Debussy wrote. [93] The reviews were sharply divided. In the same year, Debussy was diagnosed with colorectal cancer, from which he was to die nine years later. In 1912 Debussy had remarked to his publisher of the opera Ariane et Barbe-bleue by the (also Jewish) composer Paul Dukas, "You're right, [it] is a masterpiece – but it's not a masterpiece of French music. Although considering Images "the pinnacle of Debussy's achievement as a composer for orchestra", Trezise notes a contrary view that the accolade belongs to the ballet score Jeux. Only 5 left in stock (more on the way). Claude Debussy (22 August 1862 – 25 March 1918) was one of the most influential composers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is regarded as the founder of musical impressionism. His friend Georges Jean-Aubry commented that Debussy "admirably imitated Massenet's melodic turns of phrase" in the cantata L'enfant prodigue (1884) which won him the Prix de Rome. [27] She was the wife of Henri Vasnier, a prominent civil servant, and much younger than her husband. [160] Others have made orchestrations of some of the piano and vocal works, including John Adams's version of four of the Baudelaire songs (Le Livre de Baudelaire, 1994), Robin Holloway's of En blanc et noir (2002), and Colin Matthews's of both books of Préludes (2001–2006). [109] Although Debussy said that anyone using the term (whether about painting or music) was an imbecile,[113] some Debussy scholars have taken a less absolutist line. [154], In the aftermath of the First World War, the young French composers of Les Six reacted against what they saw as the poetic, mystical quality of Debussy's music in favour of something more hard-edged. [2][9] The shop was unsuccessful, and closed in 1864; the family moved to Paris, first living with Victorine's mother, in Clichy, and, from 1868, in their own apartment in the Rue Saint-Honoré. [118] Lesure takes a similar view, endorsing Howat's conclusions while not taking a view on Debussy's conscious intentions. After hearing. [87] In a 2004 study, Mark DeVoto comments that Debussy's early works are harmonically no more adventurous than existing music by Fauré;[94] in a 2007 book about the piano works, Margery Halford observes that Two Arabesques (1888–1891) and "Rêverie" (1890) have "the fluidity and warmth of Debussy's later style" but are not harmonically innovative. [10][22] His first compositions date from this period, two settings of poems by Alfred de Musset: "Ballade à la lune" and "Madrid, princesse des Espagnes". [90] His works were catalogued and indexed by the musicologist François Lesure in 1977 (revised in 2003)[91] and their Lesure number ("L" followed by a number) is sometimes used as a suffix to their title in concert programmes and recordings. [107] The Études (1915) for piano have divided opinion. [2][148][149][150] Roger Nichols writes that "if one omits Schoenberg [...] a list of 20th-century composers influenced by Debussy is practically a list of 20th-century composers tout court. Claude Debussy in 1908 This is a complete list of compositions by Claude Debussy … In his final years, he focused on chamber music, completing three of six planned sonatas for different combinations of instruments. Audio CD. Achille-Claude Debussy was born on the 22nd August 1862 in the small town of St Germain-en-laye. [15] Newman concurred: "There is a good deal of Wagner, especially of Tristan, in the idiom. [12][n 3], Debussy's talents soon became evident, and in 1872, aged ten, he was admitted to the Conservatoire de Paris, where he remained a student for the next eleven years. [51], In 1903 there was public recognition of Debussy's stature when he was appointed a Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur,[51] but his social standing suffered a great blow when another turn in his private life caused a scandal the following year. The gamelan scales, melodies, rhythms, and ensemble textures appealed to him, and echoes of them are heard in "Pagodes" in his piano suite Estampes. [6] In 1888 and 1889 he went to the annual festivals of Wagner's operas at Bayreuth. [38] He commented in 1903 that Wagner was "a beautiful sunset that was mistaken for a dawn". His mature compositions, distinctive and appealing, combined modernism and sensuality so successfully that their sheer beauty often obscures their technical innovation. [2] En blanc et noir (In white and black, 1915), a three-movement work for two pianos, is a predominantly sombre piece, reflecting the war and national danger. "[33], Debussy finally composed four pieces that were submitted to the Academy: the symphonic ode Zuleima (based on a text by Heinrich Heine); the orchestral piece Printemps; the cantata La Damoiselle élue (1887–1888), the first piece in which the stylistic features of his later music began to emerge; and the Fantaisie for piano and orchestra, which was heavily based on Franck's music and was eventually withdrawn by Debussy. I am too enamoured of my freedom, too fond of my own ideas! Claude Debussy: The Composer as Pianist (The Caswell Collection, Vol. At the turn of the 20th century he was one of the most prominent figures in music and his contributions to the world of music are still enjoyed today. [135] Debussy's orchestration in 1896 of Satie's Gymnopédies (which had been written in 1887) "put their composer on the map" according to the musicologist Richard Taruskin, and the Sarabande from Debussy's Pour le piano (1901) "shows that [Debussy] knew Satie's Trois Sarabandes at a time when only a personal friend of the composer could have known them." The First World War was still raging and Paris was under German aerial and artillery bombardment. [59] He later collected his criticisms with a view to their publication as a book; it was published after his death as Monsieur Croche, Antidilettante. Clair de lune, Dances for Harp and Orchestra, L. 103: 2. [10], With Marmontel's help Debussy secured a summer vacation job in 1879 as resident pianist at the Château de Chenonceau, where he rapidly acquired a taste for luxury that was to remain with him all his life. A 2 cd collation of Debussy's orchestral works, this album provides a highly musical entry into his oeuvre - a good point of access for further exploration and purchases. [101] It influenced composers as different as Stravinsky and Puccini. (Achille) Claude Debussy (French: [aʃil klod dəbysi]; 22 August 1862 – 25 March 1918) was a French composer. His mature compositions, distinctive and appealing, combined modernism and sensuality so successfully that their sheer … Claude Debussy (born Achille-Claude Debussy) was among the most influential composers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. [41] His String Quartet was premiered by the Ysaÿe string quartet at the Société Nationale in the same year. 1: Le martyre de Saint-Sébastien", "Strength in numbers: How Fibonacci taught us how to swing", "The Art of French Piano Music: Debussy, Ravel, Fauré, Chabrier", "Signification, Objectification, and the Mimetic Uncanny in Claude Debussy's 'Golliwog's Cakewalk'", "George Benjamin–Conductor, Composer and Knight", “Written on Skin is one of the operatic masterpieces of our time – review”, "Debussy orchestrations point towards 2018 centenary", " Debussy: The Complete Works review – a comprehensive and invaluable survey", Website of Debussy museum, St. Germain-en-Laye, International Music Score Library Project, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Claude_Debussy&oldid=996639768, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with wikidata namespace mismatch, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, Articles with International Music Score Library Project links, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Léonore identifiers, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 27 December 2020, at 20:39. [2] Manuel Debussy remained in Paris and joined the forces of the Commune; after its defeat by French government troops in 1871 he was sentenced to four years' imprisonment, although he only served one year. He was among the most influential composers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. When he returned to Paris he set up home on his own, taking a flat in a different arrondissement. She is described in the. Debussy senior ran a china shop and his wife was a seamstress. [151] Not only Debussy's use of whole-tone scales, but also his style of word-setting in Pelléas et Mélisande, were the subject of study by Leoš Janáček while he was writing his 1921 opera Káťa Kabanová. He helped transition western art music from the Romantic period to the Modern period through his use of ethereal harmony and unique musical structures. [76] Mary Garden said, "I honestly don't know if Debussy ever loved anybody really. 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