Offered primarily in applied subject areas to train paraprofessionals to meet local labor needs, as well as a pathway to further study. As a result, the system is said to be rife with corruption, plagiarism, and fabricated research, with many publications allegedly produced for purely material gains. Perhaps most strikingly, Pakistan has the highest number of out-of-school children worldwide after Nigeria: Approximately 22.7 million Pakistani children age five to 16—44 percent of this age group—did not participate in education in 2017. Schools and colleges are divided by the societal class as well, institutes that cater the lower class teach Urdu medium syllabus whereas upper class institutes strictly follow English medium not only to teach but to speak as well. The federal government in 2001 created a national Pakistan Madrasah Education Board to compete with the existing private boards and create model Islamic seminaries throughout the country. Given Pakistan’s political instability, weak economy, and the shortcomings of its higher education system, Pakistan is not a significant destination country for international students. All Rights Reserved. In 2017, for instance, four institutions have been banned from admitting students entirely, while another 13 had their distance learning MPhil and PhD programs suspended. The percentage of out-of-school children in the vast province with a small population spread over a large area—a fact that means that there isn’t a school within walking distance for many students—stands at an alarming 70 percent. However, there are now renewed plans to bring madrasahs, several of which are funded by Saudi Arabia (Sunni schools) and Iran (Shia schools), under government control. Compulsory subjects include Urdu, English, Islamic education (civics for non-Muslim students), and Pakistan studies along with both required and elective courses in the specific stream. Increasing numbers of Pakistani students are interested in learning Chinese. In addition, the HEC has established dedicated accreditation councils responsible for quality assurance at the program level in specific disciplines (education, agriculture, computing, business, and technology). Pakistan has significantly tightened the academic requirements for school teachers in recent years. In medicine, those completing a specialization are awarded the university degree of Doctor of Medicine and become members of the College of Physicians and Surgeons. According to the Open Doors data of the Institute of International Education, Pakistan sent 7,957 students to the U.S. in 2018/19, an increase of 5.6 percent over the previous year, making it the 22nd most important sending country. Pakistan is among those developing countries where people are mostly deprived of good quality education. While there were only two private HEIs in Pakistan at the beginning of the 1990s, there are now 83 private DAIs, enrolling some 19 percent of all university students. It should be noted, however, that China has emerged as a significant destination as well. On the other hand of the spectrum, Baluchistan is a vast, sparsely populated, and mountainous province of approximately 12 million people. Exploring the new trends and new facets of higher education and research has assumed added significance in the globalized world of the twenty-first century. But it appears to have been mostly unsuccessful in bringing about greater standardization at these institutions. Gender disparities are rampant with boys outnumbering girls at every stage of education. Punjab, the most populous province, is home to more than 50 percent of Pakistan’s population. It should be noted, however, that the future growth potential of private higher education in Pakistan is limited by what the market is able to bear, particularly with regard to expensive higher quality institutions, many of which require tuition fees that are out of reach for most of Pakistan’s population. Lectures and notes are sold for high amount of money in the name of fees. With all out flaws and drawbacks we cannot say our country is any less than anyone. These can be divided into quality (curriculum, teacher quality, learning environment, assessment) and … Recent government figures bring this into focus—merely 54 percent of elementary schools have electricity, 67 percent have drinking water, and 68 percent have latrines. There are also sizable numbers of international students from various countries coming to Pakistan to study at Islamic universities or madrasahs. Since then, increased participation rates in elementary and secondary education, as well as the surging youth population growth of recent years, have led to a rapid expansion of the system. Authorized DAIs are mostly chartered universities but also include research institutes or military academies. Here let us have a look at the educational trends you will witness in the year 2019. That said, ongoing efforts to “mainstream” Islamic education and bring religious seminaries under greater government control constitute a challenge and continue to face resistance from many unregistered madrasahs. This is all the wonder of education. The increased demand among Pakistani youths for an international education is also reflected in surging enrollments in transnational TNE program offerings by academic institutions from various countries in Pakistan itself. In Pakistan, educational system doesn’t meet the international standards. A passing score on the SSC examinations is required to progress to higher secondary education, which is two years in duration (grades 11 and 12) and provided by upper-secondary schools or so-called intermediate colleges, most of them public institutions. Estimates on the number of students enrolled in these schools vary greatly but range anywhere from 1.8 million to 3.5 million. While most madrasahs are unregistered institutions that provide an almost exclusively religious education, focusing on studying the Koran and Arabic and Persian languages, others are formally affiliated with madrasah examination boards and incorporate the compulsory subjects of the national school curriculum. There are more young people in Pakistan today than at any point in its history, and it has one of the world’s largest youth populations with 64 percent of Pakistanis now under the age of 30. Crucially, Pakistan devotes comparatively few resources to education and trails regional countries like India or Nepal in education spending. List of upcoming international conferences in education 2021. DAIs can be either public or private and are approved (chartered) by the federal or provincial governments based on the recommendations of the Higher Education Commission (HEC). A lack of trained teachers and teacher absenteeism are the other most often cited problems. According to the Global Youth Development Index published by the Commonwealth, a measure which uses the domains of civic participation, education, employment and opportunity, health and well-being, and political participation to gauge the progress of young people, Pakistan ranked only 154th of 183 countries, trailing sub-Saharan African nations like Sierra Leone or Ethiopia. It should be pointed out, however, that it only includes students enrolled in tertiary degree programs. There is board system in which whole text books are crammed by the students during which the basic understanding of the subjects is ignored altogether and then on the other hand the Cambridge system is also present for the fortunate ones who only grasp the concepts and write by their own understanding of the subjects. Skills standards are developed at the national level by a Qualification Development Committee that is overseen by the National Vocational and Technical Training Commission (NAVTTC). The middle school curriculum features the same subjects as the elementary curriculum, but additional languages like Arabic or Persian may be introduced. It remains the predominant language of instruction in private schools but has been increasingly replaced with Urdu in public schools. The Chinese education system is the largest state-run education system in the world. Additionally, applicants may have to sit for admission tests or interviews, especially at top-tier institutions. Until recently, elementary and middle school teachers (grades 1 to 8) were able to teach after completing short training programs that led to the Primary Teaching Certificate (SSC+1) and the Certificate in Teaching (HSSC+1). These disparities have a big impact on educational outcomes, including vast gaps in access to education and overall educational attainment. Perhaps that is why the generation before us was actually educated. Given the complex and historically autonomous nature of religious education in the country, however, only time will tell if these reforms will take hold. education global trends and emerging opportunities to 2020 provides a rigorous analysis of prevailing trends that are shaping higher education globally. To put these rates into regional perspective, the secondary GER in both India and Bangladesh is 73 percent, and as high as 98 percent in Sri Lanka (UNESCO statistics). The world is advancing, technology is moving at a faster pace, each day a new invention takes place bringing us closer to the technological worlds and away from the natural lives. Integrated learning solutions are now an accepted reality in most schools. The minimum passing grade in each subject is 33 percent. The splendor of computers has taken over us; so much that our new born babies sleep to the sound of music on cell-phone and food is cooked on fireless stove. It includes expenditure funded by transfers from international sources to government. Affiliated colleges, on the other hand, are regulated at the provincial level. In 1999, the Afghan University in Peshawar, known today as Shaikh Zayed University, was set up specifically to educate Afghan students. According to UNESCO, the overall elementary NER in Pakistan stood at only 68 percent in 2018. Most public universities, by contrast, are large multi-faculty research institutions that offer a full range of academic programs, including PhD programs, which are almost exclusively offered by public DAIs. The credit system stipulated by the HEC and used by most HEIs is a U.S.-style system. There was a time when teachers were the real soul makers, they used to worry about the future of their pupil disregarding the amount they could earn in the number of hours they worked. It should be noted, however, that considerable variations in curricula may exist between jurisdictions, especially since the administration of the school system devolved from the federal government to the provinces in 2010. In a recent development, the MFEP announced that madrasah students will sit for federal board examinations and study the national curriculum by 2020 as part of the government’s drive to establish a uniform education system across Pakistan. That said, there are sizable numbers of international students from Muslim-majority developing countries like Somalia, Sudan, Yemen, and, most notably, neighboring Afghanistan, who pursue studies in Pakistan, where they can access education of higher quality than they can at home. However, as noted, participation in compulsory education is far from universal, particularly in socioeconomically disadvantaged regions. This updated Scheme of Studies is the latest milestone in a journey that began in earnest in 2006 with the development of a National Curriculum, which was later augmented by the 2008 National Professional Standards for Teachers in Pakistan and the 2010 Curriculum of Education Scheme of Studies. Education in Pakistan is overseen by the Federal Ministry of Education and the provincial governments, whereas the federal government mostly assists in curriculum development, accreditation and in the financing of research and development.Article 25-A of Constitution of Pakistan obligates the state to provide free and compulsory quality education to children of the age group 5 to 16 years. While UNESCO does not report data for China, and Chinese government figures are difficult to compare,[1] Pakistan is currently the third-largest sending country to China with 28,000 students, per Chinese statistics. Our system needs to work on the development of Artificial Intelligence which can be beneficial for the teachers letting them concentrate more on the students than the paper work that they are burdened with, also the students can benefit from it as it can act as a learning companion. Like neighboring India, Pakistan has a higher education system made up of relatively few degree-granting universities but close to 3,000 colleges and other teaching institutions that are affiliated with these universities. The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of World Education Services (WES). But unfortunately education has merely become a business, a way of earning alone, it is not imparting the real essence of education into the young generation as it is required. The new associate degrees, awarded at affiliated colleges of education and community colleges, are being offered in education. Only a small fraction of Pakistanis participate in upper-secondary education—merely about a quarter of students transition from grade 10 to grade 11. To become affiliated with a BISE, schools need to meet certain quality criteria set by the individual boards. [1] When comparing international student numbers, it is important to note that numbers provided by different agencies and governments vary because of differences in data capture methodology, definitions of “international student,” and types of mobility captured (credit, degree, etc.). For articulation between the different systems, the HEC recommends converting the old percentage grades to current letter grades as follows. In addition, there are several post-secondary diploma and certificate programs in various occupations that are awarded by state boards of technical education. Other popular destination countries include the U.K. and the Muslim-majority countries Malaysia and Saudi Arabia, the latter also being a magnet for labor migrants from Pakistan. An estimated 22.8 million children aged 5-16 are out-of-school. There are seven groups or streams available in higher secondary education, including general, humanities, science, pre-medical, pre-engineering, medical technology, and home economics. In Canada, for instance, the number of Pakistani students has doubled over the past decade, if on a relatively small scale (4,050 students in 2019). In the U.S., likewise, Pakistani enrollments have generally been on an upward trajectory over the past few years. Like other countries on the Indian subcontinent, Pakistan used to have bachelor’s degree programs that were only two or three years in length—a short duration by international standards. Academic programs in professional disciplines like medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, and a few other fields are undergraduate programs of four- or five-years’ duration. However, many private providers are smaller, specialized, market-oriented institutions of lesser quality that mainly offer programs in fields like business management and information technology. The data of the UNESCO Institute Statistics often provides the most reliable point of reference for comparison since it is compiled according to one standard method. Elementary education is five years in length (grades 1 to 5), followed by three years of middle school (grades 6 to 8), and four years of secondary education, divided into two years of lower-secondary and two years of upper-secondary education (5+3+2+2). The latest trends in education system in Pakistan are the Career and Technical Education which is enabling students to choose wisely the career of their choice. These schools operate either wholly autonomously or are affiliated with private madrasah education boards. According to Human Rights Watch, 32 percent of girls of elementary school age are out of school, compared with 21 percent of boys. [objective] 2. By 2025, the number of tier 1 and 2 university-level institutions is projected to increase from 209 today to 300, serving more than seven million students. Problems Of Education In Pakistan. Let’s just talk about a few of the many trends and issues in education in our country. General government expenditure on education (current, capital, and transfers) is expressed as a percentage of total general government expenditure on all sectors (including health, education, social services, etc.). Whereas 65 percent of fifth graders in Punjab province were able to read English sentences in 2018, only 34 percent of fifth graders in Baluchistan were able to do the same. One credit hour is equivalent to 50 minutes of classroom instruction each week throughout a semester of 16 to 18 weeks’ duration. In recent years, Pakistan has adopted increasingly modern methods of teaching and examination and has, following global trends, moved to a 12+4+2 structure. For the most part, Pakistan has a relatively consistent cluster of top institutions, most of them public, in terms of both domestic and international rankings. In addition, the curriculum includes a range of mandatory core subjects, generally Urdu, English, mathematics, Pakistan studies, and Islamic studies (ethics for non-Muslim students). While that number is dwarfed by the more than 330,000 degree-seeking students from neighboring India, consider that Pakistan’s outbound mobility ratio—the percentage of international students among all students—is almost three time as high (2.7 percent in 2017) as that of India (1 percent). General government usually refers to local, regional and central governments. The quality institutes are expensive and the inexpensive ones are not up to the mark. Private education features prominently in Pakistani elementary and middle school education, as it helps to bridge capacity gaps in the underfunded public sector. Pakistan is a federation composed of four provinces, the capital territory of Islamabad and the two autonomous regions of Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan. But where there are many gains of the education there are several issues to it as well. The system includes 180,846 public institutions and 80,057 private institutions. Completion of the DAE, for example, enables students to enter directly into applicable Bachelor of Technology programs. While matters like the development of school curricula used to be a shared responsibility of the federal and provincial governments, many of these responsibilities have now been delegated to the provinces. Other provinces are experimenting with comparable examinations, but practices vary across Pakistan. In addition, there are two private boards that offer intermediate and secondary examinations throughout the country—the Aga Khan University Examination Board and the recently established Ziauddin University Examination Board. It does not include students on shorter study abroad exchanges, or those enrolled at the secondary level or in short-term language training programs, for instance. While admission to these programs generally requires the Secondary School Certificate, there are various pathways to obtain an NVC. While there are more than 70 languages spoken in Pakistan, including the provincial languages Punjabi, Pashto, Sindhi and Balochi, the country’s official languages are Urdu and English. Sindh is the second most populous province; it contains the crowded metropolis Karachi, one of the world’s largest cities proper with some 15 million people. TVET in Pakistan is provided in various forms, from informal industry-based apprenticeship programs to secondary-level skills certificate and diploma programs of one or two years, as well as 10+3 programs that straddle secondary and post-secondary levels. In the near future, only officially registered qualifications may use the “national” designation in the qualification title. Affiliated with each of these boards are schools that teach the board-prescribed curricula and prepare students for the intermediate and secondary exams. The latest trends in education system in Pakistan are the Career and Technical Education which is enabling students to choose wisely the career of their choice. nursing education in Pakistan will be discussed along with recommendations. Keyword: BSc Nursing in Pakistan, Pakistan … Examinations, including those of the private boards, are based on national curriculum guidelines. The HEI with the most affiliated colleges is the University of Punjab with more than 600 colleges. PIERRE, S.D. Pakistan’s current national qualifications framework spans eight levels, from elementary education to doctoral studies, emulating common academic qualifications frameworks worldwide. By comparison, semester fees at public institutions are relatively nominal, averaging 60,000 to 90,000 rupees (USD$390 to USD$585). Problems in Pakistani education are manifold. Examples include the Karachi branch campus of the Irish Griffith College, and TNE programs in accounting offered by the British Oxford Brookes University in collaboration with the Association of Chartered Accountants (ACCA). In 2018 there were more than 3,600 vocational and technical institutions in the sector enrolling over 400,000 students, most of them concentrated in cities and population-rich provinces like Punjab and Sindh. While great strides have been made in improving literacyand participation rates, the education system remains largely elitist with access to the best educational opportunities available only to the more affluent or well-connected. However, since teachers are hired at the provincial and regional levels, current practices vary significantly, predicated primarily on teacher shortages and a lack of qualified candidates. Despite this growth, however, overall participation rates in tertiary education remain extremely low in Pakistan: The country’s tertiary GER stood at only 9 percent in 2018, compared with 29 percent in neighboring India and 21 percent in Bangladesh. Scholarship recipients are often required to return home after graduation. Note, however, that the expensive private prep schools that teach British curricula like the Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) cater mostly to wealthy elites and are out of reach for most ordinary Pakistani households. Other changes include the introduction of a new two-year associate degree and the adoption of a U.S.-style semester and credit system. Examples of the latter include the 10+3 Diploma in Nursing and Diploma of Associate Engineer (DAE)—qualifications that are examined by state boards of technical education and boards of nursing education. Consider that Karachi is projected to become the third-largest city in the world with close to 32 million people by the middle of the century. With the changing trends of the world the educational trends are also changing. Much of the rapid growth in Pakistan’s research output is owed to an incentivization system that ties academic journal publications to faculty promotions and financial rewards. Some 35 percent of all pupils in elementary schools are enrolled in private schools, according to official statistics. While great strides have been made in improving literacy and participation rates, the education system remains largely elitist with access to the best educational opportunities available only to the more affluent or well-connected. According to HEC statistics, only 21 percent of full-time faculty at Pakistani universities held a PhD in 2015. Education in Pakistan is free and compulsory for all children between the ages of five and 16, or up through grade 10, or what’s referred to as “matriculation” in Pakistan. Following are short profiles of the new credit system, the most common grading scale, and the primary benchmark credentials of the current system. Both public and private HEIs are authorized to operate by the federal or provincial governments based on the approval by the HEC, an autonomous agency set up in 2002. As the human race modernized the need to educate upcoming generation is there but the form and type of education has changed. The changing trends are giving rise to many issues which are not only faced by the students but also the teaching staff and parents. This represents a significant increase from 2013 when there were 1,650 institutions with approximately 315,000 students. In total, there are 28 public exam boards across Pakistan’s provinces and jurisdictions. 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