McCormick had a lot of written proof too, which was largely believed by those who met her. He was the fourth son of William Alonzo and Polly Butler Hickok. "[56], Martha Jane Cannary, known popularly as Calamity Jane, claimed in her autobiography that she was married to Hickok and had divorced him so he could be free to marry Agnes Lake, but no records that support her account have been found. Hickok may have been acting sheriff before he was elected; a newspaper reported that he arrested offenders on August 18, and the commander of Fort Hays wrote a letter to the assistant adjutant general on August 21 in which he praised Hickok for his work in apprehending deserters. I suggest you read Calamity Jane: The Woman and the Legend by James D. McLaird. Less than a month after Hickok's death, the trial was found to have no legal status because Deadwood was located in Indian Territory - McCall's acquittal was deemed invalid. During this period Hickok prevented a man from beating an 11-year-old boy, who grew up to become Buffalo Bill Cody, Hickoks longtime friend. Drawn to this ruffian lifestyle, he headed west at age 18 as a fugitive from justice, working as a stagecoach driver and later as a lawman in the frontier territories of Kansas and Nebraska. [23][b], After the Civil War broke out in April 1861, Hickok became a teamster for the Union Army in Sedalia, Missouri. He became a deputy U.S. marshal, and on March 28, 1868, he picked up 11 Union Army deserters who had been charged with stealing government property. Hickok was a favourite of Custer and his wife, Libbie, who described him as a delight to look upon. Hickoks physical appearance was by many accounts arresting. She was born in Missouri and spent most of her life on the country's western border. His parents were William Alonzo Hickok and Polly Butler. He usually sat with his back to a wall so he could see the entrance, but the only seat available when he joined the game was a chair facing away from the door. [38], In July 1869, Hickok returned to Hays and was elected city marshal of Hays and sheriff of Ellis County, Kansas, in a special election held on August 23, 1869. They had ivory grips and nickel plating, and were ornately engraved with "J.B. Hickok1869" on the backstrap. Notorious Old West gunmen John Wesley Hardin and James Butler Hickok, also known as "Wild Bill," began as friends. The second trial was not considered double jeopardy because of the irregular jury in the first trial and because Deadwood was at the time in unorganized Indian country. He died in 1887. Nick McGlashan had two children, Lennyn Annette Richardson of Unalaska (7) and Kane Wilder Hammond of Port Townsend, WA (1). By the age of 17, he was an excellent marksman. To date, four children have been credited to the lady, although some of the claims have come from the children themselves. Their quick-draw duel was recorded as the first of its kind. [61], Hickok died instantly. The cards Hickok had been holding when he was shot and killeda pair of black aces and a pair of black eights plus an unknown fifth cardbecame known as the Dead Mans Hand.. Jan MacKell Collins is the author of numerous books about the Old West, the latest isLost Ghost Towns of Teller County. He twice asked another man at the table, Charles Rich, to change seats with him, but Rich refused. [68], As I write the closing lines of this brief sketch, word reaches me that the slayer of Wild Bill has been rearrested by the United State [sic?] Then in 1996, a second daughter was revealed. He was bedridden for four months before being sent to Rock Creek Station in the Nebraska Territory to work as a stable hand while he recovered. When he saw Hickok, he leveled his cocked rifle at him. Im glad shes come [home from school] while youre here, Jane told Fox, fer I want you to see her. A young drifter named Jack McCall walked in and approached Hickok from behind. "J.B. Hickok, Deputy U.S. Four of the men on the self-appointed committee who planned Calamity's funeral (Albert Malter, Frank Ankeney, Jim Carson, and Anson Higby) later stated that, since Hickok had "absolutely no use" for Jane in this life, they decided to play a posthumous joke on him by laying her to rest by his side. [25][26]:136 Hickok had not been paid for some time, and was hired as a scout by General John B. Sanborn by early 1865. Behind the mission, arent those the Santa Catalina Mountains? McCall was tried and acquitted of murder as a result of his dubious claim that the killing was in revenge for Hickoks murder of his brother in Abilene. Jessie later said that the Deadwood Chief of Police wrote her about Janes death in 1903. Both of his parents loved each other very much and always remained together. Red objects generally appear black in early photographs, as the photographic processes were insensitive to red light. Upon Hickoks arrival, she told him that a Confederate gang led by McCanles was pursuing him, and almost immediately they were set upon by the Confederates. Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. Site contains certain content that is owned A&E Television Networks, LLC. A classmate later remembered the children teasing Jessie about her mother, throwing stones at her while shouting, Calamity Jane! His exploits as a gunfighter, scout, and lawman were legendary and he became the topic of many fictionalized accounts. The charge was later reduced to manslaughter. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. [54], Charles Snyder, the Lucien Howe Librarian of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, said "Granular conjunctivitis, ophtalmia, trachomacall it what you willwas common on the Western Frontier. Classmate Mary Connolly remembered Jessie, saying, we all played hopscotch and jumped rope on the playground. But mother and daughter eventually left town again. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Visit our corporate site. He is chiefly portrayed as a protagonist, although historical accounts of his actions are often controversial, and much of his career is known to have been exaggerated both by himself and by contemporary mythmakers. Hickok moved west in 1855 to farm and joined General James Lane's Free State (antislavery) forces in Kansas. [20], On July 12, 1861, David McCanles went to the Rock Creek Station office to demand an overdue property payment from Horace Wellman, the station manager. [citation needed], On August 1, 1876, Hickok was playing poker at Nuttal & Mann's Saloon No. In reality, Janes first verified child was born in November 1882 when she was living with rancher Frank King near Miles City, Montana. Three years after Jack McCall shot Hickok in the back as he was playing cards in Deadwood, South Dakota, an 1879 story in the Cheyenne, Wyoming, Daily Leader noted that the pistols were made expressly . He earned a great deal of notoriety in his own time, much of it bolstered by the many outlandish and often fabricated tales he told about himself. The event haunted Hickok for the rest of his life. The murderer escaped. Good bye, Colorado Charlie, C. H. Utter. The incident began when David McCanles, his brother William and several farmhands came to the station demanding payment for a property that had been bought from him. Wild Bill Hickok is remembered for his services in Kansas as sheriff of Hays City and marshal of Abilene, where his ironhanded rule helped to tame two of the most lawless towns on the frontier. The trial did not last more than fifteen minutes.[23]. Only station employees were allowed to testify at the trial (testimony by McCanless son was barred), and the verdict was that the men had acted in self-defense. Area newspapers reported that Jane named the boy Little Calamity. A freighter named Evans recalled watching Jane smother the baby with kisses, calling him Muzzies yittle snoozey [sic] darling. Jane later told others that Little Calamity died. James Butler Hickok was born May 27, 1837, in Homer, Illinois, (present-day Troy Grove, Illinois) to William Alonzo Hickok, a farmer and abolitionist, and his wife, Polly Butler. Writing in 1911, he detailed his admiration for Hickok and included a paragraph on the shooting that differs considerably from the reported account: "Phil" Coe was from Texas, ran the "Bull's Head" a saloon and gambling den, sold whiskey and men's souls. At the [second] trial it was suggested that [McCall] was hired to do his work by gamblers who feared the time when better citizens should appoint Bill the champion of law and order a post which he formerly sustained in Kansas border life, with credit to his manhood and his courage. [82], At the time of this affair I was at a station farther west and reached this station just as Wild Bill was getting ready to go to Beatrice for his trial. Later, after bragging of his murder of Hickok, McCall was retried in Laramie, Wyoming Territory, found guilty, and hanged on March 1, 1877. 10 in Deadwood, Dakota Territory. Many people knew that Jane had a "crush" on Hickok but few, if any, knew that they were married. Hickok, just a stable-hand at the time, killed the three men, despite being severely injured. [31], Several weeks later, an interview Hickok gave to Colonel George Ward Nichols, a journalist who subsequently became known as the creator of the Hickok legend,[32] was published in Harper's New Monthly Magazine. Quay House, The Ambury, The White Buffalo (1977), starring Charles Bronson as Hickok, tells a tale of Hickok's hunt for a murderous white buffalo that follows him in his nightmares. The town of Deadwood, South Dakota, re-enacts Hickok's murder and McCall's capture every summer evening. The hand of cards which he supposedly held at the time of his death has become known as the dead man's hand: two pairs; black aces and eights. At 4:15 in the afternoon, a young gunslinger named Jack McCall walked into the saloon, approached Hickok from behind, and shot him in the back of the head. She said she was the daughter of Jane and Wild Bill Hickok, and was born in a cabin near Livingston, Montana in 1873. It was the last word on a true child of one of the wildest women of the west. Hickok lost his re-election bid to his deputy. [6][35] Witnesses confirm that while working as a scout at Fort Harker, Kansas, on May 11, 1867, Hickok was attacked by a large group of Indians, who fled after he shot and killed two. It is a loose adaptation of Hickok's life, ending with his famous aces-and-eights card hand. Wild Bill Hickok was an American folk hero. The "special election" may not have been legal, as a letter dated September 17 to the governor of Kansas noted that Hickok had presented a warrant for an arrest which was rejected by the Fort Hays commander, because, when asked to produce his commission, Hickok admitted that he had never received one. ", Rosa, Joseph G. (1982). Many historic sites and monuments commemorate his life, and he has been depicted numerous times in literature, film, and television. Hickok was arrested for murder, tried, and acquitted. McCall lost heavily. (If said child had actually existed, he or she was said to . Relegated to making a living through other means than law enforcement, he traveled from one town to another as a gambler. [74] He wore his revolvers butt-forward in a belt or sash (when wearing city clothes or buckskins, respectively), and seldom used holsters; he drew the pistols using a "reverse", "twist", or cavalry draw, as would a cavalryman. [29][30], Two days later, Hickok was arrested for murder. In the melee, Hickok caught a glimpse of someone moving towards him and responded with two shots killing his deputy Mike Williams. He left his wife a few months later to seek his fortune in the goldfields of South Dakota. That derisive nickname may have been given to him by David McCanles, who had sold the buildings that became the Pony Expresss Rock Creek station, on credit, to Russell, Majors and Waddell. For confirmation that Hickok was employed as a U.S. Army scout fighting Indians in Kansas in the summer of 1867, see Ames, George Augustus, Russell, Majors and Waddell freight company, List of cultural depictions of Wild Bill Hickok, "How many men did Wild Bill Hickok actually kill? Col. George Armstrong Custer. Hickok was severely injured, with a crushed chest, shoulder, and arm. James Butler Hickok (May 27, 1837 August 2, 1876), better known as "Wild Bill" Hickok, was a folk hero of the American Old West known for his life on the frontier as a soldier, scout, lawman, cattle rustler, gunslinger, gambler, showman, and actor, and for his involvement in many famous gunfights. The gun did not sell because the highest bid of $220,000 was less than the reserve set by the gun's owners.[76]. The identity of the fifth card (his "hole card") is also the subject of debate. [9], At the time of his death, Hickok was wearing a Smith & Wesson Model No. Paramount Pictures' Western silent film Wild Bill Hickok (released on November 18, 1923) was directed by Clifford Smith and stars William S. Hart as Hickok. Hickok remains a popular figure of frontier history. Hickok encouraged McCall to quit the game until he could cover his losses and offered to give him money for breakfast. In fact, William Hickok (senior) was so opposed to slavery that it's been reported that the Hickok house was a station for the Underground Railroad, where black slaves stopped for refuge on their journey north to freedom. Brink, were tried for killing McCanles, but were found to have acted in self-defense. Since he was actually shot in the back of the head, that plot element is a complete artifice of the episode writers. B. Hickock [sic] killed by the assassin Jack McCall in Deadwood, Black Hills, August 2, 1876. Hickok remained in Hays through August 1868, when he brought 200 Cheyenne Indians to Hays to be viewed by "excursionists". i have been told that Wild Bill Hickok is my great great great (i don't know how many greats) uncle, and i haven' been able to find out if any of his brotherrs had kids. Leaving Springfield, he was recommended for the position of deputy federal marshal at Fort Riley, Kansas. McCall was brought to trial the next day. Calamity Jane never married Wild Bill Hickok. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. But Coe "reckoned without his host". [72] As of 2020, the flag is no longer flown. It is believed that McCanles arrived at the station with his son, Monroe; his cousin, James Woods; and James Gordon, a man in his service. Infuriated, Thompson tried to incite John Wesley Hardin to kill Hickok by exclaiming to Hardin that "He's a damn Yankee. Trachoma is often associated with poverty and poor hygiene that allows the bacteria to infect and re-infect eyes; if left untreated, it can cause blindness. Calamity Jane! Jessie withdrew from the Academy a short time later, but in January of 1896, Jane was finally able to take her to St. Martins Academy in Sturgis. Hickok was bedridden for months before he went to southern Nebraska in the summer of 1861 to work at the Pony Express station at Rock Creek. Martha (her name wasnt even Jane) had several husbands and a daughter, Jessie, who died in Los Angeles in 1960. Hickok had a large impact on American history because of his life and death. The. One story claimed he killed a bear with his bare hands and a bowie knife. He worked as a technical writer on the Atlas, Minuteman, and Titan missile-launching systems, as well as Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Bonhams auction company offered this pistol at auction on November 18, 2013, in San Francisco, California,[75] described as Hickok's Smith & Wesson No. This made it difficult for the men to carry the remains to the new site. [45], Hickok later said he did not know that "Wesley Clemmons" was Hardin's alias, and that he was a wanted outlaw. The couple had a daughter, who also became an accomplished performer and horseback rider. By Tyler MacDonald / May 18, 2021 9:31 am EST. On August 2, 1876, during a poker game in a saloon that found him with his back uncharacteristically to the door, Hickok was shot in the back of his head by Jack McCall, who may have been hired to kill him. It was here that he supposedly became romantically linked to Martha Jane Canary, also known as "Calamity Jane," but most historians discount any such amorous relationship between the two. He is said to have wrestled a bear Hickok was born and raised on a farm in northern Illinois at a time when lawlessness and vigilante activity were rampant because of the influence of the "Banditti of the Prairie". The family did some moving around during this time period and the next child, James Butler Hickok, was born in May of 1837. . The way Wild Bill conducted himself in his later years was a direct correlation for what he did when he was a young boy. [28] Strawhun "made remarks against Hickok", and Hickok killed him with a shot through the head. ", DeMattos, Jack (1980). Some said the two men fought over a card game, while others attributed the duel to competition for the attention of a woman named Susannah Moore. [j] Utter supervised the move and noted that, while perfectly preserved, Hickok had been imperfectly embalmed. The story quickly became newspaper and magazine fodder. The Adventures of Wild Bill Hickok was a 1950s TV series starring Guy Madison and Andy Devine. We strive for accuracy and fairness.If you see something that doesn't look right,.css-47aoac{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#A00000;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-47aoac:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}contact us! While at Castle City Jane went to Gilt Edge, some two hundred miles away, where she was jailed for being drunk. Hardin left Kansas before Hickok could arrest him. While Hickok claimed to have killed numerous named and unnamed gunmen in his lifetime, his career as a gunfighter only lasted from 1861 to 1871. 3. [43], On April 15, 1871, Hickok became marshal of Abilene, Kansas. [33], In September 1865, Hickok came in second in the election for city marshal of Springfield. As the scene unfolded, McCanles entered the station, and, from behind the curtain that divided it in two, either Hickok or Wellman shot McCanles. Hickok waved his hand past Mulvey at some onlookers and yelled, "Don't shoot him in the back; he is drunk." I will be. If the deceased and defendant engaged in a fight or conflict willingly on the part of each, and the defendant killed the deceased, he is guilty of the offense charged, although the deceased may have fired the first shot. Wild Bill's brother, Oliver Cromwell Hickok married and fathered five children per: Search Results from User Submitted Genealogies (only as accurate as submitter). At the time of the so-called McCanles Massacre, Hickok was known as Duck Bill because of his sweeping nose and protruding upper lip (covered with a mustache later in life). Thus began the reputation that A legend during his life and considered one of the American west's premier gunfighters James Butler (Wild Bill) Hickok was born May 27, 1837, in Troy . Dismounting, he approached the bear and fired a shot into its head, but the bullet ricocheted off its skull, infuriating it. Several sources, including Jessie, verify the child was born on October 28. Corrections? "Wild Bill. Hickok left home at age 17 and worked as a canal boat pilot in Utica, Illinois, before heading west in 1856 to Bleeding Kansas, which was embroiled in a violent conflict over whether slavery should be permitted there. ", This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 18:12. They refused, so Hickok altered it himself. When Varnes could not be found, McCall then implicated Tim Brady in the plot. In 1876, Hickok was shot and killed while playing poker in a saloon in Deadwood, Dakota Territory (present-day South Dakota) by Jack McCall, an unsuccessful gambler. McCall shot Hickok from behind as he played poker at Nuttal & Mann's Saloon in Deadwood, Dakota Territory on August 2, 1876. Wild Bill Hickoks legend only grew further when other stories about his fighting prowess surfaced. Around this time, young James Hickok began using his father's name of William - the 'Wild' part came later - and he also met Buffalo Bill Cody, then just a messenger boy on a wagon train. Alonzo and Polly Hickok moved to Illinois in 1833, finally settling in Troy Grove (known as Homer at the time), LaSalle County, along the banks of the Little Vermillion Creek. Wikimedia Commons Advertisement 11. "[27], While in Springfield, Hickok and a local gambler named Davis Tutt had several disagreements over unpaid gambling debts and their common affection for the same women. The Bull's Head Saloon in Abilene had been established by gambler Ben Thompson and Coe, his partner, businessman, and fellow gambler. Against the bloody backdrop of the uniquely volatile point in history, both killers earned a reputation for viciousness. [f], The regular county election was held on November 2, 1869. He is now at Yankton, D.T. In 1954 an episode of Gunsmoke on CBS radio featured John Dehner as Hickok. Hickok has remained one of the most popular and iconic figures of the American Old West, and is still frequently depicted in popular culture, including literature, film, and television. Hickok left his new bride a few months later, joining Charlie Utter's wagon train to seek his fortune in the gold fields of South Dakota. In the early 1990s ABC television series Young Riders, a fictional account of Pony Express riders, Hickok is portrayed by Josh Brolin.[80]. No other woman in the American west possesses a more enigmatic legacy than Martha Calamity Jane Canary. Wild Bill Hickok's iconic status is rooted in a shootout in July 1861 in what came to be known as the McCanles Massacre in Rock Creek, Nebraska. before shooting Hickok in the back of the head at point-blank range. The new trial was held in Yankton, the capital of the Dakota Territory. By Jan MacKell Collins. [26]:329 Hickok did not enjoy acting, and often hid behind scenery. Hickok managed to fire another shot, wounding the bear's paw. On the afternoon of August 2, 1876, he was playing cards with his back to the door, something he seldom did. William Austin, the cemetery caretaker, estimated 500lb (230kg). In June, Hickok mustered out and went to Springfield, where he gambled. [46]:pp.5456[47], In August 1871, Hickok sought to arrest Hardin for killing Charles Couger in an Abilene hotel "for snoring too loud". Entdecke Bill O'Reilly's Legends and Lies: The Real West - Hardcover - GOOD in groer Auswahl Vergleichen Angebote und Preise Online kaufen bei eBay Kostenlose Lieferung fr viele Artikel! Jesse James suffered from it. Children: Possibly two daughters; . Personal account of the foreman of the Overland Stage Company stations, as given to, Judge Boyd told the jury, "The defendant cannot set up justification that he acted in self-defense if he was willing to engage in a fight with the deceased. [i][68], Jack McCall was hanged on March 1, 1877, and buried in a Roman Catholic cemetery. 10 Black Pioneers in Aviation Who Broke Barriers, Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads, Name: Wild Bill Hickok, Birth Year: 1837, Birth date: May 27, 1837, Birth State: Illinois, Birth City: Troy Grove, Birth Country: United States. But although there was an uncanny resemblance between the two, plus stories of Jane visiting the child, Shadley lacked any documentation to back up her claim. In quick succession, Hickok was said to have then killed five members of McCanless gang and knocked out another before three more gang members threw him down on a bed, only to be bested in hand-to-hand combat by the knife-wielding Hickok. [65][66], McCall was summoned before an informal "miners' jury" (an ad hoc local group of miners and businessmen). Hickok died immediately. Citizens of the town complained to Hickok, who requested that Thompson and Coe remove the image. [9], Shortly before his death, Hickock wrote a letter to his new wife, which read in part, "Agnes Darling, if such should be we never meet again, while firing my last shot, I will gently breathe the name of my wifeAgnesand with wishes even for my enemies I will make the plunge and try to swim to the other shore. This angered the buffalo and panicked audience members, causing the animals to break free of their wire fencing and chase audience members, some of whom were trampled. This was the last time Hickok was ever involved in a gunfight; the accidental death of Deputy Williams was an event that haunted Hickok for the remainder of his life. We may earn commission from links on this page, but we only recommend products we back. [52], In 1876, Hickok was diagnosed by a doctor in Kansas City, Missouri, with glaucoma and ophthalmia. As a result, calcium carbonate from the surrounding soil had replaced the flesh, leading to petrifaction. [58] Jane confirmed this account in an 1896 newspaper interview, although she claimed she had been hospitalized with illness rather than in the guardhouse. Unsurprisingly, the two gunslingers found much to relate to in . One of the workers, Joseph McLintock, wrote a detailed description of the reinterment. Later historians, however, have presented a radically different portrayal of the events at Rock Creek. 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The surrounding soil had replaced the flesh, leading to petrifaction & E Television Networks, LLC a large on... The event haunted Hickok for the rest of his life, Jack McCall was hanged on March,! He approached the bear 's paw was severely injured had a daughter, Jessie, verify the was! Death in 1903 City, Missouri, with glaucoma and ophthalmia a direct for! Jane ) had several husbands and a daughter, who described him as a.... Mccormick had a large impact on American history because of his parents were William Alonzo and Polly Hickok. For breakfast appear black in early photographs, as the photographic processes were insensitive to red light State ( ). Away, where she was jailed for being drunk a direct correlation for what did! Remembered the children themselves in history, both killers earned a reputation for viciousness City. A lot of written proof too, which was largely believed by those who met her making a through... His losses and offered to give him money for breakfast in Hays through August 1868 when... About Janes death in 1903, 1871, Hickok came in second in the melee, Hickok became marshal Springfield. The move and noted that, while perfectly preserved, Hickok was arrested for,... Hays through August 1868, when he brought 200 Cheyenne Indians to Hays to be viewed by `` ''... Couple had a lot of written proof too, which was largely believed by those who met.! Remembered Jessie, saying, we all played hopscotch and jumped rope the! Were ornately engraved with `` J.B. Hickok1869 '' on the backstrap radio featured John Dehner as Hickok photographs as. Described him as a result, calcium carbonate from the children themselves Charles Rich, to seats. Come from the article title from one town to another as a gambler [ 33 ], August... The afternoon of August 2, 1876, Hickok was a young drifter named McCall... Him with a crushed chest, shoulder, and acquitted for City marshal of Springfield Austin the. Youre here, Jane told Fox, fer i want you to see her brink, were tried for McCanles. Roman Catholic cemetery perfectly preserved, Hickok had no clue that he was about be! All played hopscotch and jumped rope on the country & # x27 s! John Dehner as Hickok child had actually existed, he or she was jailed for drunk. Perfectly preserved, Hickok caught a glimpse of someone moving towards him and responded with shots. To be murdered existed, he traveled from one town to another as a gunfighter, scout, Hickok... Infuriating it to Gilt Edge, some two hundred miles away, he. And jumped rope on the afternoon of August 2, 1876, was. As a delight to look upon and spent most of her life on the afternoon of August 2,.. Described him as a gunfighter, scout, and lawman were legendary and he has depicted! But the bullet ricocheted off its skull, infuriating it 2023, at 18:12 to Hays to be viewed ``! Other very much and always remained together Inc. Site contains certain content that is owned a E!
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