Bounded rationality. It is argued that people tend to surrender their individuality and moral judgment in crowds and give in to the hypnotic powers of leaders who shape crowd behavior as they like. The study of collective behavior spun its wheels for many years, but began to make progress with the appearance of Turner and Killian's "Collective Behavior" (1957) and Smelser's Theory of Collective Behavior (1962). However, they are slightly different in regards to when and how they occur. Collective behavior is a type of social behavior that occurs in crowds or masses. Marijuana had been legal before then, but Anglo Americans became concerned about its use among Mexican Americans. http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2371467,2371400.asp, Next: 21.2 Explaining Collective Behavior, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Collective behavior is always driven by group dynamics, encouraging people to engage in acts they might consider unthinkable under typical social circumstances (Locher 2002). The classic treatment of crowds is Gustave LeBon, The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind (1896), in which the author, a frightened aristocrat, interpreted the crowds of the French Revolution as i… Some psychologists have claimed that there are three fundamental human emotions: fear, joy, and anger. Spatial ecology But Blumer and Neil Smelser did agree, as did others, indicating that the formulation has satisfied some leading sociological thinkers. This gathering of people waiting to cross the street is an example of a casual crowd. Crowd activity for its members is an end in itself, not just a means. A fifth type, protest crowds, has also been distinguished by other scholars. The term was first used by Robert E. Park, and employed definitively by Herbert Blumer, to refer to social processes and events which do not reflect existing social structure (laws, conventions, and institutions), but which emerge in a "spontaneous" way. Genetic programming How do people generally behave while all this is going on? Phase space In scholarly circles this view, though often expressed in less extreme terms, was fairly popular from the end of the 19th century, when it was first formulated, through the 1960s. The gatherings of people who participate in a sit-in, demonstration, march, or rally are all examples of protest crowds. Sociology by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. A riot is a relatively spontaneous outburst of violence by a large group of people. Although some consider McPhail's work (McPhail 1991) overly simplistic (Locher 2002), his important contribution is to have gone beyond the speculations of others to carry out pioneering empirical studies of crowds. Common forms of collective behavior discussed in this section include crowds, mobs, panics, riots, disaster behavior, rumors, mass hysteria, moral panics, and fads and crazes. Theories of civil violence. Hurricanes, earthquakes, tornadoes, fires, and floods are the most common natural disasters, while the sinking of the Titanic and the April 2010 BP oil well explosion are among the most well-known accidents that had disastrous consequences. Feedback Information theory, Ordinary differential equations A conventional crowd may sometimes become an expressive crowd, as when the audience at a movie starts shouting if the film projector breaks. Collective behavior can be tremendously destructive, as with riots or mob violence, silly, as with fads, or anywhere in between. Rioting became even more common during the first several decades of the 19th century. In sociology, the terms social movement and collective behavior are closely related. Think of the last rumor you heard. Several types of riots may be identified according to the motivation and goals of the participants in the riots. Behavior masuk ke dalam bahasa inggris yaitu bahasa Jermanik yang pertama kali dituturkan di Inggris pada Abad Pertengahan Awal dan saat ini merupakan bahasa yang paling umum digunakan di seluruh dunia. Collective Behavior - refers to social behavior that is relatively spontaneous, transitory , emotional, and unpredictable. Often people become very concerned about a moral problem involving such behaviors as drug use and sexual activity. A number of authors modify the common-sense notion of the crowd to include episodes during which the participants are not assembled in one place but are dispersed over a large area. 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